Pepper cultivation has a long history in our town. It has been planted over the years and has a large area. Greenhouse peppers can be cultivated all year round. Green peppers are mainly harvested. The production cycle is shorter and the economic returns are good. The enthusiasm of farmers for planting is high. In recent years, due to the poor mastery of nursery links, the emergence of weak seedlings, fine seedlings, and heavy pests and diseases has greatly affected the production of pepper. The technology of pepper breeding is strong. In order to enable the vegetable households to master the seedling raising techniques, the methods and measures for raising seedlings of greenhouse peppers are described as follows: Hehua town greenhouse cultivated varieties are mostly pepper series, Xiangyan series, Jingjiao series. Need 50 grams of seeds per acre, sowing bed can be sown 4-6 grams per square meter. 1. Select seeds: soak the seeds before sowing for 1-2 days before sowing, remove the impurities, then soak in clean water for about 15 minutes, remove the granules floating on the water, and continue soaking for 2 hours. This will allow germination of the seeds of the epidermis spores, is conducive to drug killing. 2, soaking: (1) Seed soaking In order to prevent anthrax and bacterial scab, the soaked seeds can be placed in a gauze bag and put in a clear water pre-soak for 5-6 hours, and then put in a 1% copper sulfate solution (1 part of copper sulfate, water 99) soak for 5 minutes, then remove, rinse with water and germination; in order to prevent virus disease, first pre-soak the seed in clean water for 4 hours, remove and then put 10% trisodium phosphate solution in the immersion 20 -30 minutes. It can also be soaked in 2% sodium hydroxide solution for 15 minutes. (2) Soaking in conventional hot soup The amount of water used was 5 times that of the seeds. The seeds were poured into 55°C water and stirred immediately. After the water temperature dropped to 30°C, the seeds were soaked for 8 hours. This method has a bactericidal effect on pepper sores and Sclerotinia. (3) Germination Immerse the soaked seeds, first remove the mucus from the skin, and then wrap it in wet sand cloth and place it in a 24-30°C environment (in the summer, it can be placed on the floor of the house) to germinate for about 3 days. During the germination process, the seeds are usually turned once every 6 hours, and some water is added in time. When 75% of the seed buds are whitened, they can be sowed. (4) Selection of nursery soil The best choice was for gardening with green onions and garlic, followed by legumes. In general, there will be no seedling disease such as damping-off or blight. After the nursery soil has been selected, it should be smashed and sieved and kept dry. (5) The choice of organic fertilizer: high-quality farmyard manure such as horse dung and pig manure should be used. Before use, it must be fully fermented and decomposed, and then be air-dried, chopped and sifted to kill the source of pests and diseases in the fertilizer. Burning dead seedlings when raising. (6) Preparation of nutritious soil: Mix the above-mentioned excreta in a ratio of 2:3, and add 30-50 grams of urea, 5-8 kg of plant ash, 50% thiophanate or 50% carbendazim per 1000 kg of soil. 50 grams, 2.5% trichlorfon 40 grams, etc., mix and pile up for use. A nursery with a length of 10 meters and a width of 1 meter needs 0.8-1 cubic meters of nutrient soil. (7) sowing Before planting, planting water should be poured first. After the water is allowed to infiltrate, loosen the topsoil and evenly sow, cover the sifted fine soil 1-2cm thick, spray a thin layer of seed water, cover the cover film, and build a small arch. Closed greenhouses. (8) Seedling management 1. Control bed temperature: Before the emergence of the seedbed, high temperature and humidity should be maintained. After the seedlings are unearthed, the degree of cooling will not hinder the growth of seedlings. The daytime bed temperature can be reduced to 20°C and 15°C at night until the true leaves are revealed. When the true leaves are exposed, the bed temperature should be raised to a suitable temperature for seedling growth and development. During the daytime, the temperature should be 20°C-25°C and 10°C-15°C during the night. When the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, they should be subjected to a false planting. The temperature of the seedbed should be reduced 2-3 days before planting, generally 3°C-5°C is preferred. 2, to strengthen the light: In order to make the seedbed more sunshine, improve lighting conditions, nursery facilities as much as possible the use of high transparency cover, keep the cover clean, pay attention to ventilation, prevent the plastic film on the condensation of water droplets, in the moisturizing conditions Next, cover the cover as early as possible and extend the duration of light. When uncovering the cover, it is necessary to prevent cold air from directly blowing into the seedbed and cause seedling damage. 3, adjust the humidity: bed soil humidity is too high, can be used to reduce humidity and dampness by spraying dry wood moisture to reduce humidity. However, moisturizing and dehumidification must be considered in combination with moisturizing. It is necessary to consider the situation at that time and to protect the seedlings from frost damage. Spreading a layer of dry soil on a moist bed soil can have the effect of absorbing moisture and reducing humidity, but the soil must be finely smashed and sifted. Dry compost is better, and the dry seedlings are dried. After sweeping the earth, the broom shall be swept away with a broom so that the fine soil will fall and the leaves will not be contaminated. 0.5 kg of fine dry earth will be scattered per square meter of bed soil. The bed soil quickly turned white, turned over the topsoil, and the bed soil structure was loose and water was poured where it fell. Summer nursery soil is drought-prone and should be watered regularly. Watering is usually before 10 o'clock in the morning and after 6 o'clock in the afternoon, avoid high-temperature watering, otherwise it will cause physiological disorders. 4, cultivating between the seedlings: during the seedlings, should pay attention to loose soil, so that the surface of bed soil loose, prevent compaction, reduce water evaporation, keep bed soil temperature. The ripping soil should not be too deep to avoid damaging the root system. Weeds should be removed in conjunction with the cultivator, and weak and weak seedlings should be removed. Diseased seedlings. For the first time of pepper, the flatning period of the cotyledon is appropriate, and the distance between the seedlings is suitable for the seedlings not to crowd for the space before the planting. In order to prevent the occurrence of diseases during the seedling stage and form high seedlings, the seedlings should be 2-3 times. Interplanted seedlings are generally injured deformed, top shell, and thin seedlings. 5. Appropriate topdressing: The seedbed should be based on basal fertilizer to control topdressing. The use of human and animal urine must be fully decomposed, and the concentration should be diluted with 10-12 times of water. The compound fertilizer can be prepared with special compound fertilizer containing about 15% of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and the spraying concentration is 0.1%. Avoid excessive concentration. . 6. Timely seedlings: When the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves, they will be transplanted by separate seedlings. The seedlings will be transplanted in fine weather from 11am to 4pm, and the seedling spacing will be 7-8cm. The seedlings should be shallow and the cotyledons must be exposed on the soil surface. It is best to use 10cm10cm nutrition seedlings sub-seedling, seedlings should be wet seedbed first, hold the cotyledon, do not hold tender stems, sub-seedling depth to expose the cotyledon 1cm, immediately cast root water, cover the thin film to promote slow seedlings. 7. Management of seedbeds: seedlings, ground temperature controlled at 18-20 °C, daily temperature 25 °C, vigorous growth period, appropriate bottom temperature 2-3 °C, combined with watering every 7 days, with 0.2% compounding Fertilizer solution poured 1-2 times to raise the seedlings, and keep the soil moist and cultivate strong seedlings.
Carnitine, or trans. carnitine, is an amino acid, a quaternary ammonium cationic complex, which can be biosynthesized from both lysine and methionine and is involved in the metabolism of fat into energy in the body. Carnitine has two stereoisomerism: L-Carnitine, which is biologically active, and D-carnitine, which is non-biologically active. L-carnitine (L-carnitine) is an amino acid widely distributed in the liver, especially in myocardium and skeletal muscle. Most of the carnitine required by the body comes from meat and dairy products in the diet. [1]
Carnitine is an amino acid widely distributed in the liver, especially in cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle. Most of the carnitine components required by the body come from meat and dairy products in the diet. In addition, the body itself can synthesize part of methionine as raw material, and the body needs vitamin C, iron, B6 and niacin as auxiliary factors of various enzymes in the reaction when biosynthesizing carnitine. L-carnitine is widely present in the body, especially in mitochondria. The concentration of L-carnitine was highest in the adrenal gland, followed by the heart, bone, muscle, adipose tissue and liver. Free L-carnitine is excreted in the urine. Plant-based foods contain less l-carnitine (in some cases none), as well as less lysine and methionine, the two essential amino acids that make carnitine. The l-carnitine content in animal food is high, especially in liver. Foods rich in L-carnitine include yeast, milk, liver, meat and other animal foods. Humans and most animals can also meet their physiological needs through synthesis within their bodies. L-carnitine is not deficient under normal conditions.
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